Description
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) Overview
NAD+ is a pivotal coenzyme found in all living cells, serving as a critical electron carrier in redox reactions. As the oxidized form of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, it functions as a primary cofactor for enzymes involved in energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis.
In recent clinical research, NAD+ has become a focal point for its role as a substrate for Sirtuins and PARPs (Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerases), which are essential for DNA repair and genomic stability. Unlike precursors (such as NMN or NR), direct research into NAD+ focuses on its immediate availability for mitochondrial ATP production and its systemic impact on biological aging markers.
NAD+ Technical Specifications
- Peptide Name: NAD+
- Synonyms: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (Oxidized form), β-NAD, Coenzyme I
- CAS Number: 53-84-9
- Molecular Formula: C21H27N7O14P2
- Molar Mass: 663.43 g/mol
- Purity: ≥98.0% (determined by HPLC)
- Appearance: White to yellowish lyophilized powder
- Solubility: Highly soluble in sterile water or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)
Mechanism of Action (Research Context)
Research into Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide focuses on its “Biochemical Switch” capabilities:
- Mitochondrial ATP Production: NAD+ is an essential component of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC). It accepts electrons from other molecules and becomes reduced (NADH), a process fundamental to the production of cellular energy (ATP).
- Sirtuin Activation (Longevity Research): NAD+ acts as a mandatory co-substrate for Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7). These “longevity genes” are investigated for their ability to regulate epigenetic expression, stress resistance, and metabolic efficiency.
- DNA Repair & PARP Regulation: Research explores how NAD+ levels influence PARP activity. PARPs consume NAD+ to identify and repair damaged DNA strands, making it a key molecule in the study of cellular senescence and oncology.
NAD+ Storage and Handling
- Lyophilized (Powder): Store at -20°C (-4°F) for long-term stability. NAD+ is hygroscopic and light-sensitive; ensure the vial remains tightly sealed in a cool, dark environment.
- Reconstituted (Liquid): Once dissolved in a research solvent, the solution should be kept at 4°C (39°F) and used within 7–10 days for optimal stability in experimental models.
- Handling: Always wear protective gloves and eyewear. This product is for laboratory research use only.
Testing and Quality Control
At Flux Peptides, we provide the analytical transparency required for rigorous scientific inquiry. Every batch of NAD+ undergoes:
- HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography): To ensure purity profiles exceed 98%.
- MS (Mass Spectrometry): To verify molecular weight and chemical identity.
- Visual Inspection: To ensure the integrity of the lyophilized cake.
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